99 HouseHold Study: Scarlet-chested sunbird

Identification

Length 13-15 cm, mass 12-15 g, males larger than females. Male: Black with iridescent emerald-green crown and chin and scarlet throat and upper breast. Bill, legs and feet black, eyes dark brown. Female: Upper parts and face dark brown, eyebrow whitish. Chin and throat dark brown, feathers edged light brown. Breast and belly pale yellow, streaked dark brown.

Distribution

Sub-Saharan Africa.

Taxonomy

This is one of the seven Sunbirds that have recently been moved into the genus Chalcomitra from the genus NectariniaChalcomitra senegalensis has 6 subspecies, variation being mostly in the colour of the underparts.

Habitat

Broadleaved open woodland, moist thornveld, coastal bush, parks and gardens. Leonotis flowers are particular attractive to this birds.

Behaviour

Often in groups at nectar sources where males frequently chase conspecifics and other Sunbirds. Also hunts insects and spiders, but usually alone. May hover to feed, but usually perches.

Breeding: The male defends the the breeding territory. The nest is pear-shaped with a hood over the entrance hole, and suspended from a branch. It is built by the female using dry grass, stems, leaves and/or bark bound by spider web. Usually two eggs are laid and incubated by the female. Chicks and fledglings are fed by both parents for up to eight weeks. Parasitised by Klaas’s Cuckooand, less often, African Emerald Cuckoo and Dideric Cuckoo

Reference
  • Cheke, R. & Mann, C. (2008). Scarlet-chested Sunbird (Chalcomitra senegalensis). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2014). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/60007 on 6 October 2015).
  • Hockey PAR, Dean WRJ & Ryan PG (eds) 2005. Robert’s Birds of Southern Africa, 7th edition. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 0620340533
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Male Scarlet-chested Sunbird

Image source: Click here

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Female Scarlet-chested Sunbird

Image source: Click here

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Male at 99 Household study

11th Safe Pork Conference: Experiences from our team member

The 11TH Safe pork conference was held from 7th to 10th September 2015 in Porto, Portugal. The Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Disease group (under the umbrella of the urban zoo project) was represented by Dr. Maurice Karani and Dr. Pablo Alarcon.

The conference focused on the epidemiology and control of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in pigs and pork along all production chains. Additionally, international exchange of ideas, research and policy themes related to the management of zoonosis and food safety in the pig and pork sector, with an integrated approach from “farm to fork” in relation to the “One Health” concept was explored

The highlight of the conference was the oral presentation by Maurice Karani, a veterinarian and a research assistant with the urban zoo project and  an MSc student at the Royal veterinary college titled, ‘Assessing and understanding food safety risk practices in Nairobi pork food system: a value chain approach’. The presentation was awarded the best oral presentation on the student category.

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Dr. Maurice giving a presentation

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Dr. Maurice giving a presentation

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Fruits of a superb presentation

URBAN ZOO PROJECT: The 99 Household Study

The 99 Households Study is part of the Urban Zoo Project  which is a joint project between scientists from Kenya and the UK. We are interested in how diseases can be transmitted between animals and people living in close contact in a city environment. The 99 Household study aims to collect in-depth information from 99 families from 33 different neighbourhoods stratified by socio-economic status across the whole of Nairobi. We are testing humans, animals and the home environment for bacteria that can be shared and spread between them.

Using a tablet to scan the barcodes on samples before submission to the labs

Drs. Karani and Muinde collecting samples from a guinea fowl

Prof. E. Fevre using boot socks to collect environmental samples

KEMRI Lab staff explaining the lab procedures to a reporter from the Voice of America News Programme

Faecal sample collection from a goat

Boot socks samples ready for the lab

A motorbike rider loading the cool box full of samples for delivery to the labs

Training of Food Vendors in Informal Settlements

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Group discussions during the Food vendors training

Group discussions during the Food vendors training
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Training session –food preparation and handling techniques

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Group Photo of the trainers and food vendors—Viwandani

Vendors in Viwandani recently participated in a training session that not only enhanced their knowledge of food safety and hygiene, but also offered a highly engaging discussion. On 31st July, a total of 25 vendors recruited from Viwandani were trained by two nurses with expertise in food safety from KEMRI. Muungano wa Wanavijiji members and staff mobilized the participants while ILRI and APHRC facilitated the training The activity was in response to vendors’ own requests for capacity-building and offered a crucial opportunity to support livelihoods and bolster community health across informal settlements.

These vendors provided a wide array of foods, including cooked items (e.g., githeri, green grams, or roasted corn), fresh produce, meat and eggs, or snacks like mandazi. Some are mobile vendors, while others sell their items from kiosks and restaurants known as ‘hotels.’ Even with all their diversity, vendors were consistently engrossed in the training session and stayed throughout their lunch-hour, which would other-wise be a lucrative time for many traders.

The session began with a group activity, where vendors brain-stormed thoughtfully about how to define ‘good’ and ‘bad’ foods. Other key topics included good hand-washing practices and how to cut, wash, and prepare vegetables or meat properly. All participants were encouraged to provide their own examples and to ask ques-tions; handouts were provided to share with other vendors in their settlements. Future sessions are envisioned with vendors in Korogocho and Mathare, which can be filmed to disseminate infor-mation amongst additional vendors. Finally, radio programs are planned to raise awareness and educate consumers on food safety in informal settlements.

Nevertheless, the training has fostered widespread benefits in Nairobi’s informal settlements, in addition to meeting vendors’ own de-mand for improved skills. Educating vendors and consumers in food safety will bolster awareness across their settlements, thereby helping to prevent food-borne illnesses and the associated socio-economic losses. Recognizing vendors as vital providers of food and as community leaders will build their confidence and self-awareness, which is otherwise difficult in the atomized, competitive environment of informal settle-ments. Above all, the trainings are supporting enhanced access to healthy, affordable meals with multiple benefits for buyers and sellers alike.

Training of Food Vendors is one of the outputs for the Urban Zoo Project—we aim to give back to society by training such lay groups on some of the good practices of handling foods. Three more trainings are planned in Mathare, Viwandani and Korogocho (some of the main study sites under the Urban Zoo Project). We are very grateful to the UK-Medical Research Council which has agreed to fund these future events which will take place before the end of the year.

Urban Zoo Team-KVA Scientific Conference, Kenya 2015

KVA conference 2015

The Kenya Veterinary Association (KVA) 49th Annual Scientific and 15th World Veterinary Day celebrations were held in Busia, Kenya from 22nd to 26th April 2015. The Theme of the confer-ence was “One Vision for a Sustainable Animal and Human Health and Welfare”.

The Urban zoo group was presented by Prof. Erastus Kangethe, Pablo Alarcon, Maurice Karani, Patrick Muinde, James Akoko, James Orungo and Victoria Kyallo.
Several members from the team made presentations during the conference and mainly on the Value Chain Mapping.

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