
News, Events and Blog Postings

Co PI’s Letter 6: Microbiology as a key pillar in the Urban Zoo project
Although any medical research project has many components, no doubt in aspects of Urban Zoo the microbiological analyses play a central role in providing answers to questions that we face in the field during interroga-tion of study environments and populations.

Whole Genome Sequencing By Melissa Ward, CIIE Research Fellow
We will be performing whole genome sequence analysis of bacterial samples collected through many strands of the Urban Zoonoses project, from humans, livestock, food, wildlife and the environment. I will use state-of-the art methods for integrating the bacterial genetic sequence data with information about the time, location and host from which the bacteria were sampled. By combining epidemiological and demographic information with the genetic data, we will be able to under-stand the E. coli diversity within Nairobi, and how this differs across socioeconomic groups, in different housing types and in relation to livestock keeping practices.

Pork Tapeworm Causing Acquired Epilepsy
A tapeworm found in humans but acquired through eating infected pork (Taenia solium), has been linked to acquired epilepsy in humans. The larvae stage of the tapeworm causes a disease called Cysticercosis both in pigs and humans characterised by formation of cysts in mus-cles. When people consume viable cysts from infected pork, the ingested larvae matures into adult tapeworm which again produces eggs that are released into the environment. Infection in both pigs and humans is acquired through accidental ingestion of human faeces containing T. solium eggs or consumption of contaminated food or water. The diagram below shows the life cycle of Taenia solium.

A Time Spent With Camels By Dishon Muloi
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans mainly by consumption of raw milk and physical contact. Unfortunately, there is lack of quantitative understanding of the scale of the disease in camels in Kenya. This is further exacerbated by consumption of raw camel milk owing to the presumed associated health benefits and other social cultural believes. In this regard we undertook a study to explain this phenomena.

New Project Launch-Zoonosis in Livestock in Kenya (ZooLink)
Our team is leading a new consortium of researchers involving many of the Urban Zoo partners (and more!), under a research pro-gramme called Zoonoses in Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS). The programme is funded by the UK Department for International Development, (DFID), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the Medical Research Council (MRC), Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Defence Sci-ence and Technology Laboratory (dstl).

Urban Zoonoses Team Participants In Workshops/Meetings
On 23rd and 24th of October 2014, the value chain team (Patrick Muinde, Maurice Karani, James Akoko, Dishon Muloi and Stella Kiambi) attended the African dairy value chain workshop held at Intercontinental Hotel in Nairobi. The objective of the workshop was to share the experiences and lessons learnt from existing dairy value chain development models. The workshops had three main themes namely gender inclusiveness, smallholder participation and private sector investment in the dairy industry. The participants were of different nationalities but mainly drawn from African countries.

Capacity Development of ZED team members
The Urban Zoonosis Project is not only focused on research, but also very keen on developing the capacities of its team. This has been demonstrated in various activities the team has been engaged within the last quarter

From Faeces To Phylogeny Training Workshop
The main objective was to take the participants on a journey of analysing pathogen genetic sequence data (e.g. as will be generated from faecal samples in the UrbanZoo project) using molecular phylogenetics to test hypotheses about the spread of disease. The work-shop consisted of 4 half-day sessions over 2 days. Each session was an hour lecture, followed by a 1.5 – 2 hour computer practical. By the end of the work-shop, participants were required to be able to manipulate genetic sequence data, and produce and interpret phylogenetic trees from genetic sequences.

Open Data Kit (ODK) SYSTEM
Open Data Kit (ODK) is a free and open-source set of tools which help organizations author, field, and manage mobile data col-lection solutions. ODK provides an out-of-the-box solution for users to:
1. Build a data collection form or survey
2. Collect the data on a mobile device and send it to a server; and
3. Aggregate the collected data on a server and extract it in useful for-mats.


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